/*
 * Copyright (c) 2003, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package javax.naming.ldap;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;

import javax.naming.InvalidNameException;
import javax.naming.directory.BasicAttributes;
import javax.naming.directory.Attributes;
import javax.naming.directory.Attribute;
import javax.naming.NamingEnumeration;
import javax.naming.NamingException;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * This class represents a relative distinguished name, or RDN, which is a
 * component of a distinguished name as specified by
 * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2253.txt">RFC 2253</a>.
 * An example of an RDN is "OU=Sales+CN=J.Smith". In this example,
 * the RDN consist of multiple attribute type/value pairs. The
 * RDN is parsed as described in the class description for
 * {@link javax.naming.ldap.LdapName <tt>LdapName</tt>}.
 * <p>
 * The Rdn class represents an RDN as attribute type/value mappings,
 * which can be viewed using
 * {@link javax.naming.directory.Attributes Attributes}.
 * In addition, it contains convenience methods that allow easy retrieval
 * of type and value when the Rdn consist of a single type/value pair,
 * which is how it appears in a typical usage.
 * It also contains helper methods that allow escaping of the unformatted
 * attribute value and unescaping of the value formatted according to the
 * escaping syntax defined in RFC2253. For methods that take or return
 * attribute value as an Object, the value is either a String
 * (in unescaped form) or a byte array.
 * <p>
 * <code>Rdn</code> will properly parse all valid RDNs, but
 * does not attempt to detect all possible violations when parsing
 * invalid RDNs. It is "generous" in accepting invalid RDNs.
 * The "validity" of a name is determined ultimately when it
 * is supplied to an LDAP server, which may accept or
 * reject the name based on factors such as its schema information
 * and interoperability considerations.
 *
 * <p>
 * The following code example shows how to construct an Rdn using the
 * constructor that takes type and value as arguments:
 * <pre>
 *      Rdn rdn = new Rdn("cn", "Juicy, Fruit");
 *      System.out.println(rdn.toString());
 * </pre>
 * The last line will print <tt>cn=Juicy\, Fruit</tt>. The
 * {@link #unescapeValue(String) <tt>unescapeValue()</tt>} method can be
 * used to unescape the escaped comma resulting in the original
 * value <tt>"Juicy, Fruit"</tt>. The {@link #escapeValue(Object)
 * <tt>escapeValue()</tt>} method adds the escape back preceding the comma.
 * <p>
 * This class can be instantiated by a string representation
 * of the RDN defined in RFC 2253 as shown in the following code example:
 * <pre>
 *      Rdn rdn = new Rdn("cn=Juicy\\, Fruit");
 *      System.out.println(rdn.toString());
 * </pre>
 * The last line will print <tt>cn=Juicy\, Fruit</tt>.
 * <p>
 * Concurrent multithreaded read-only access of an instance of
 * <tt>Rdn</tt> need not be synchronized.
 * <p>
 * Unless otherwise noted, the behavior of passing a null argument
 * to a constructor or method in this class will cause NullPointerException
 * to be thrown.
 *
 * @since 1.5
 */

public class Rdn implements Serializable, Comparable<Object> {

    // private transient ArrayList<RdnEntry> entries;
    private transient ArrayList entries;

    // The common case.
    private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 1;

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5994465067210009656L;

    /**
     * Constructs an Rdn from the given attribute set. See
     * {@link javax.naming.directory.Attributes Attributes}.
     * <p>
     * The string attribute values are not interpretted as
     * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2253.txt">RFC 2253</a>
     * formatted RDN strings. That is, the values are used
     * literally (not parsed) and assumed to be unescaped.
     *
     * @param attrSet The non-null and non-empty attributes containing
     * type/value mappings.
     * @throws InvalidNameException If contents of <tt>attrSet</tt> cannot
     *          be used to construct a valid RDN.
     */
    public Rdn(Attributes attrSet) throws InvalidNameException {
        if (attrSet.size() == 0) {
            throw new InvalidNameException("Attributes cannot be empty");
        }
        entries = new ArrayList(attrSet.size());
        NamingEnumeration attrs = attrSet.getAll();
        try {
            for (int nEntries = 0; attrs.hasMore(); nEntries++) {
                RdnEntry entry = new RdnEntry();
                Attribute attr = (Attribute) attrs.next();
                entry.type = attr.getID();
                entry.value = attr.get();
                entries.add(nEntries, entry);
            }
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            InvalidNameException e2 = new InvalidNameException(
                                        e.getMessage());
            e2.initCause(e);
            throw e2;
        }
        sort(); // arrange entries for comparison
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an Rdn from the given string.
     * This constructor takes a string formatted according to the rules
     * defined in <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2253.txt">RFC 2253</a>
     * and described in the class description for
     * {@link javax.naming.ldap.LdapName}.
     *
     * @param rdnString The non-null and non-empty RFC2253 formatted string.
     * @throws InvalidNameException If a syntax error occurs during
     *                  parsing of the rdnString.
     */
    public Rdn(String rdnString) throws InvalidNameException {
        entries = new ArrayList(DEFAULT_SIZE);
        (new Rfc2253Parser(rdnString)).parseRdn(this);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an Rdn from the given <tt>rdn</tt>.
     * The contents of the <tt>rdn</tt> are simply copied into the newly
     * created Rdn.
     * @param rdn The non-null Rdn to be copied.
     */
    public Rdn(Rdn rdn) {
        entries = new ArrayList(rdn.entries.size());
        entries.addAll(rdn.entries);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an Rdn from the given attribute type and
     * value.
     * The string attribute values are not interpretted as
     * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2253.txt">RFC 2253</a>
     * formatted RDN strings. That is, the values are used
     * literally (not parsed) and assumed to be unescaped.
     *
     * @param type The non-null and non-empty string attribute type.
     * @param value The non-null and non-empty attribute value.
     * @throws InvalidNameException If type/value cannot be used to
     *                  construct a valid RDN.
     * @see #toString()
     */
    public Rdn(String type, Object value) throws InvalidNameException {
        if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot set value to null");
        }
        if (type.equals("") || isEmptyValue(value)) {
            throw new InvalidNameException(
                "type or value cannot be empty, type:" + type +
                " value:" + value);
        }
        entries = new ArrayList(DEFAULT_SIZE);
        put(type, value);
    }

    private boolean isEmptyValue(Object val) {
        return ((val instanceof String) && val.equals("")) ||
        ((val instanceof byte[]) && (((byte[]) val).length == 0));
    }

    // An empty constructor used by the parser
    Rdn() {
        entries = new ArrayList(DEFAULT_SIZE);
    }

    /*
     * Adds the given attribute type and value to this Rdn.
     * The string attribute values are not interpretted as
     * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2253.txt">RFC 2253</a>
     * formatted RDN strings. That is the values are used
     * literally (not parsed) and assumed to be unescaped.
     *
     * @param type The non-null and non-empty string attribute type.
     * @param value The non-null and non-empty attribute value.
     * @return The updated Rdn, not a new one. Cannot be null.
     * @see #toString()
     */
    Rdn put(String type, Object value) {

        // create new Entry
        RdnEntry newEntry = new RdnEntry();
        newEntry.type =  type;
        if (value instanceof byte[]) {  // clone the byte array
            newEntry.value = ((byte[]) value).clone();
        } else {
            newEntry.value = value;
        }
        entries.add(newEntry);
        return this;
    }

    void sort() {
        if (entries.size() > 1) {
            Collections.sort(entries);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves one of this Rdn's value.
     * This is a convenience method for obtaining the value,
     * when the RDN contains a single type and value mapping,
     * which is the common RDN usage.
     * <p>
     * For a multi-valued RDN, this method returns value corresponding
     * to the type returned by {@link #getType() getType()} method.
     *
     * @return The non-null attribute value.
     */
    public Object getValue() {
        return ((RdnEntry) entries.get(0)).getValue();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves one of this Rdn's type.
     * This is a convenience method for obtaining the type,
     * when the RDN contains a single type and value mapping,
     * which is the common RDN usage.
     * <p>
     * For a multi-valued RDN, the type/value pairs have
     * no specific order defined on them. In that case, this method
     * returns type of one of the type/value pairs.
     * The {@link #getValue() getValue()} method returns the
     * value corresponding to the type returned by this method.
     *
     * @return The non-null attribute type.
     */
    public String getType() {
        return ((RdnEntry) entries.get(0)).getType();
    }

    /**
     * Returns this Rdn as a string represented in a format defined by
     * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2253.txt">RFC 2253</a> and described
     * in the class description for {@link javax.naming.ldap.LdapName LdapName}.
     *
     * @return The string representation of the Rdn.
     */
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        int size = entries.size();
        if (size > 0) {
            builder.append(entries.get(0));
        }
        for (int next = 1; next < size; next++) {
            builder.append('+');
            builder.append(entries.get(next));
        }
        return builder.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Compares this Rdn with the specified Object for order.
     * Returns a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this
     * Rdn is less than, equal to, or greater than the given Object.
     * <p>
     * If obj is null or not an instance of Rdn, ClassCastException
     * is thrown.
     * <p>
     * The attribute type and value pairs of the RDNs are lined up
     * against each other and compared lexicographically. The order of
     * components in multi-valued Rdns (such as "ou=Sales+cn=Bob") is not
     * significant.
     *
     * @param obj The non-null object to compare against.
     * @return  A negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this Rdn
     *          is less than, equal to, or greater than the given Object.
     * @exception ClassCastException if obj is null or not a Rdn.
     * <p>
     */
    public int compareTo(Object obj) {
        if (!(obj instanceof Rdn)) {
            throw new ClassCastException("The obj is not a Rdn");
        }
        if (obj == this) {
            return 0;
        }
        Rdn that = (Rdn) obj;
        int minSize = Math.min(entries.size(), that.entries.size());
        for (int i = 0; i < minSize; i++) {

            // Compare a single pair of type/value pairs.
            int diff = ((RdnEntry) entries.get(i)).compareTo(
                                        that.entries.get(i));
            if (diff != 0) {
                return diff;
            }
        }
        return (entries.size() - that.entries.size());  // longer RDN wins
    }

    /**
     * Compares the specified Object with this Rdn for equality.
     * Returns true if the given object is also a Rdn and the two Rdns
     * represent the same attribute type and value mappings. The order of
     * components in multi-valued Rdns (such as "ou=Sales+cn=Bob") is not
     * significant.
     * <p>
     * Type and value equalilty matching is done as below:
     * <ul>
     * <li> The types are compared for equality with their case ignored.
     * <li> String values with different but equivalent usage of quoting,
     * escaping, or UTF8-hex-encoding are considered equal.
     * The case of the values is ignored during the comparison.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * If obj is null or not an instance of Rdn, false is returned.
     * <p>
     * @param obj object to be compared for equality with this Rdn.
     * @return true if the specified object is equal to this Rdn.
     * @see #hashCode()
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj == this) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!(obj instanceof Rdn)) {
            return false;
        }
        Rdn that = (Rdn) obj;
        if (entries.size() != that.size()) {
            return false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
            if (!entries.get(i).equals(that.entries.get(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the hash code of this RDN. Two RDNs that are
     * equal (according to the equals method) will have the same
     * hash code.
     *
     * @return An int representing the hash code of this Rdn.
     * @see #equals
     */
    public int hashCode() {

        // Sum up the hash codes of the components.
        int hash = 0;

        // For each type/value pair...
        for (int i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
            hash += entries.get(i).hashCode();
        }
        return hash;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link javax.naming.directory.Attributes Attributes}
     * view of the type/value mappings contained in this Rdn.
     *
     * @return  The non-null attributes containing the type/value
     *          mappings of this Rdn.
     */
    public Attributes toAttributes() {
        Attributes attrs = new BasicAttributes(true);
        for (int i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
            RdnEntry entry = (RdnEntry) entries.get(i);
            Attribute attr = attrs.put(entry.getType(), entry.getValue());
            if (attr != null) {
                attr.add(entry.getValue());
                attrs.put(attr);
            }
        }
        return attrs;
    }


    private static class RdnEntry implements Comparable {
        private String type;
        private Object value;

        // If non-null, a cannonical representation of the value suitable
        // for comparison using String.compareTo()
        private String comparable = null;

        String getType() {
            return type;
        }

        Object getValue() {
            return value;
        }

        public int compareTo(Object obj) {

            // Any change here affecting equality must be
            // reflected in hashCode().
            RdnEntry that = (RdnEntry) obj;

            int diff = type.toUpperCase().compareTo(
                        that.type.toUpperCase());
            if (diff != 0) {
                return diff;
            }
            if (value.equals(that.value)) {     // try shortcut
                return 0;
            }
            return getValueComparable().compareTo(
                        that.getValueComparable());
        }

        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (obj == this) {
                return true;
            }
            if (!(obj instanceof RdnEntry)) {
                return false;
            }

            // Any change here must be reflected in hashCode()
            RdnEntry that = (RdnEntry) obj;
            return (type.equalsIgnoreCase(that.type)) &&
                        (getValueComparable().equals(
                        that.getValueComparable()));
        }

        public int hashCode() {
            return (type.toUpperCase().hashCode() +
                getValueComparable().hashCode());
        }

        public String toString() {
            return type + "=" + escapeValue(value);
        }

        private String getValueComparable() {
            if (comparable != null) {
                return comparable;              // return cached result
            }

            // cache result
            if (value instanceof byte[]) {
                comparable = escapeBinaryValue((byte[]) value);
            } else {
                comparable = ((String) value).toUpperCase();
            }
            return comparable;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the number of attribute type/value pairs in this Rdn.
     * @return The non-negative number of type/value pairs in this Rdn.
     */
    public int size() {
        return entries.size();
    }

    /**
     * Given the value of an attribute, returns a string escaped according
     * to the rules specified in
     * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2253.txt">RFC 2253</a>.
     * <p>
     * For example, if the val is "Sue, Grabbit and Runn", the escaped
     * value returned by this method is "Sue\, Grabbit and Runn".
     * <p>
     * A string value is represented as a String and binary value
     * as a byte array.
     *
     * @param val The non-null object to be escaped.
     * @return Escaped string value.
     * @throws ClassCastException if val is is not a String or byte array.
     */
    public static String escapeValue(Object val) {
        return (val instanceof byte[])
                ? escapeBinaryValue((byte[])val)
                : escapeStringValue((String)val);
    }

    /*
     * Given the value of a string-valued attribute, returns a
     * string suitable for inclusion in a DN.  This is accomplished by
     * using backslash (\) to escape the following characters:
     *  leading and trailing whitespace
     *  , = + < > # ; " \
     */
    private static final String escapees = ",=+<>#;\"\\";

    private static String escapeStringValue(String val) {

            char[] chars = val.toCharArray();
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(2 * val.length());

            // Find leading and trailing whitespace.
            int lead;   // index of first char that is not leading whitespace
            for (lead = 0; lead < chars.length; lead++) {
                if (!isWhitespace(chars[lead])) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            int trail;  // index of last char that is not trailing whitespace
            for (trail = chars.length - 1; trail >= 0; trail--) {
                if (!isWhitespace(chars[trail])) {
                    break;
                }
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
                char c = chars[i];
                if ((i < lead) || (i > trail) || (escapees.indexOf(c) >= 0)) {
                    builder.append('\\');
                }
                builder.append(c);
            }
            return builder.toString();
    }

    /*
     * Given the value of a binary attribute, returns a string
     * suitable for inclusion in a DN (such as "#CEB1DF80").
     * TBD: This method should actually generate the ber encoding
     * of the binary value
     */
    private static String escapeBinaryValue(byte[] val) {

        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(1 + 2 * val.length);
        builder.append("#");

        for (int i = 0; i < val.length; i++) {
            byte b = val[i];
            builder.append(Character.forDigit(0xF & (b >>> 4), 16));
            builder.append(Character.forDigit(0xF & b, 16));
        }
        return builder.toString();
        // return builder.toString().toUpperCase();
    }

    /**
     * Given an attribute value string formated according to the rules
     * specified in
     * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2253.txt">RFC 2253</a>,
     * returns the unformated value.  Escapes and quotes are
     * stripped away, and hex-encoded UTF-8 is converted to equivalent
     * UTF-16 characters. Returns a string value as a String, and a
     * binary value as a byte array.
     * <p>
     * Legal and illegal values are defined in RFC 2253.
     * This method is generous in accepting the values and does not
     * catch all illegal values.
     * Therefore, passing in an illegal value might not necessarily
     * trigger an <tt>IllegalArgumentException</tt>.
     *
     * @param   val     The non-null string to be unescaped.
     * @return          Unescaped value.
     * @throws          IllegalArgumentException When an Illegal value
     *                  is provided.
     */
    public static Object unescapeValue(String val) {

            char[] chars = val.toCharArray();
            int beg = 0;
            int end = chars.length;

            // Trim off leading and trailing whitespace.
            while ((beg < end) && isWhitespace(chars[beg])) {
                ++beg;
            }

            while ((beg < end) && isWhitespace(chars[end - 1])) {
                --end;
            }

            // Add back the trailing whitespace with a preceeding '\'
            // (escaped or unescaped) that was taken off in the above
            // loop. Whether or not to retain this whitespace is decided below.
            if (end != chars.length &&
                    (beg < end) &&
                    chars[end - 1] == '\\') {
                end++;
            }
            if (beg >= end) {
                return "";
            }

            if (chars[beg] == '#') {
                // Value is binary (eg: "#CEB1DF80").
                return decodeHexPairs(chars, ++beg, end);
            }

            // Trim off quotes.
            if ((chars[beg] == '\"') && (chars[end - 1] == '\"')) {
                ++beg;
                --end;
            }

            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(end - beg);
            int esc = -1; // index of the last escaped character

            for (int i = beg; i < end; i++) {
                if ((chars[i] == '\\') && (i + 1 < end)) {
                    if (!Character.isLetterOrDigit(chars[i + 1])) {
                        ++i;                            // skip backslash
                        builder.append(chars[i]);       // snarf escaped char
                        esc = i;
                    } else {

                        // Convert hex-encoded UTF-8 to 16-bit chars.
                        byte[] utf8 = getUtf8Octets(chars, i, end);
                        if (utf8.length > 0) {
                            try {
                                builder.append(new String(utf8, "UTF8"));
                            } catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                                // shouldn't happen
                            }
                            i += utf8.length * 3 - 1;
                        } else { // no utf8 bytes available, invalid DN

                            // '/' has no meaning, throw exception
                            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                "Not a valid attribute string value:" +
                                val + ",improper usage of backslash");
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    builder.append(chars[i]);   // snarf unescaped char
                }
            }

            // Get rid of the unescaped trailing whitespace with the
            // preceeding '\' character that was previously added back.
            int len = builder.length();
            if (isWhitespace(builder.charAt(len - 1)) && esc != (end - 1)) {
                builder.setLength(len - 1);
            }
            return builder.toString();
        }


        /*
         * Given an array of chars (with starting and ending indexes into it)
         * representing bytes encoded as hex-pairs (such as "CEB1DF80"),
         * returns a byte array containing the decoded bytes.
         */
        private static byte[] decodeHexPairs(char[] chars, int beg, int end) {
            byte[] bytes = new byte[(end - beg) / 2];
            for (int i = 0; beg + 1 < end; i++) {
                int hi = Character.digit(chars[beg], 16);
                int lo = Character.digit(chars[beg + 1], 16);
                if (hi < 0 || lo < 0) {
                    break;
                }
                bytes[i] = (byte)((hi<<4) + lo);
                beg += 2;
            }
            if (beg != end) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "Illegal attribute value: " + new String(chars));
            }
            return bytes;
        }

        /*
         * Given an array of chars (with starting and ending indexes into it),
         * finds the largest prefix consisting of hex-encoded UTF-8 octets,
         * and returns a byte array containing the corresponding UTF-8 octets.
         *
         * Hex-encoded UTF-8 octets look like this:
         *      \03\B1\DF\80
         */
        private static byte[] getUtf8Octets(char[] chars, int beg, int end) {
            byte[] utf8 = new byte[(end - beg) / 3];    // allow enough room
            int len = 0;        // index of first unused byte in utf8

            while ((beg + 2 < end) &&
                   (chars[beg++] == '\\')) {
                int hi = Character.digit(chars[beg++], 16);
                int lo = Character.digit(chars[beg++], 16);
                if (hi < 0 || lo < 0) {
                   break;
                }
                utf8[len++] = (byte)((hi<<4) + lo);
            }
            if (len == utf8.length) {
                return utf8;
            } else {
                byte[] res = new byte[len];
                System.arraycopy(utf8, 0, res, 0, len);
                return res;
            }
        }

    /*
     * Best guess as to what RFC 2253 means by "whitespace".
     */
    private static boolean isWhitespace(char c) {
        return (c == ' ' || c == '\r');
    }

    /**
     * Serializes only the unparsed RDN, for compactness and to avoid
     * any implementation dependency.
     *
     * @serialData      The RDN string
     */
    private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s)
            throws java.io.IOException {
        s.defaultWriteObject();
        s.writeObject(toString());
    }

    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s)
            throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        s.defaultReadObject();
        entries = new ArrayList(DEFAULT_SIZE);
        String unparsed = (String) s.readObject();
        try {
            (new Rfc2253Parser(unparsed)).parseRdn(this);
        } catch (InvalidNameException e) {
            // shouldn't happen
            throw new java.io.StreamCorruptedException(
                    "Invalid name: " + unparsed);
        }
    }
}
