Interface Comparable<T>
- Type Parameters:
T
- the type of objects that this object may be compared to
- All Known Subinterfaces:
ArrayType
,ByteValue
,CharValue
,ChronoLocalDate
,ChronoLocalDateTime<D>
,Chronology
,ChronoZonedDateTime<D>
,ClassType
,Delayed
,DoubleValue
,Field
,FloatValue
,IntegerValue
,InterfaceType
,LocalVariable
,Location
,LongValue
,Method
,Name
,Path
,ProcessHandle
,ReferenceType
,RunnableScheduledFuture<V>
,ScheduledFuture<V>
,ShortValue
- All Known Implementing Classes:
AbstractChronology
,AbstractRegionPainter.PaintContext.CacheMode
,AccessFlag
,AccessFlag.Location
,AccessMode
,AclEntryFlag
,AclEntryPermission
,AclEntryType
,AssociationChangeNotification.AssocChangeEvent
,AttributeMapper.AttributeStability
,AttributeTree.ValueKind
,Authenticator.RequestorType
,BigDecimal
,BigInteger
,Boolean
,Byte
,ByteBuffer
,Calendar
,CardTerminals.State
,CaseTree.CaseKind
,CatalogFeatures.Feature
,CatalogResolver.NotFoundAction
,CertPathValidatorException.BasicReason
,Character
,Character.UnicodeScript
,CharBuffer
,Charset
,ChronoField
,ChronoUnit
,ClassFile.AttributesProcessingOption
,ClassFile.ConstantPoolSharingOption
,ClassFile.DeadCodeOption
,ClassFile.DeadLabelsOption
,ClassFile.DebugElementsOption
,ClassFile.LineNumbersOption
,ClassFile.ShortJumpsOption
,ClassFile.StackMapsOption
,ClassFileFormatVersion
,ClassPrinter.Verbosity
,ClientInfoStatus
,CollationKey
,Collector.Characteristics
,Component.BaselineResizeBehavior
,CompositeName
,CompoundName
,ConversionComparator.Comparison
,CRLReason
,CryptoPrimitive
,Date
,Date
,DayOfWeek
,Desktop.Action
,Diagnostic.Kind
,Dialog.ModalExclusionType
,Dialog.ModalityType
,DirectMethodHandleDesc.Kind
,Doclet.Option.Kind
,DocletEnvironment.ModuleMode
,DocTree.Kind
,DocumentationTool.Location
,Double
,DoubleBuffer
,DrbgParameters.Capability
,DropMode
,Duration
,ElementKind
,Elements.DocCommentKind
,Elements.Origin
,ElementType
,Enum
,File
,FileTime
,FileVisitOption
,FileVisitResult
,Float
,Float16
,FloatBuffer
,FocusEvent.Cause
,FormatStyle
,Formatter.BigDecimalLayoutForm
,FormSubmitEvent.MethodType
,Future.State
,GraphicsDevice.WindowTranslucency
,GregorianCalendar
,GroupLayout.Alignment
,HandlerResult
,HijrahChronology
,HijrahDate
,HijrahEra
,HotSpotDiagnosticMXBean.ThreadDumpFormat
,HttpClient.Redirect
,HttpClient.Version
,InquireType
,Instant
,IntBuffer
,Integer
,IsoChronology
,IsoEra
,JapaneseChronology
,JapaneseDate
,JavaFileObject.Kind
,JConsoleContext.ConnectionState
,JDBCType
,JTable.PrintMode
,KeyRep.Type
,LambdaExpressionTree.BodyKind
,LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement
,LdapName
,LinkOption
,ListFormat.Style
,ListFormat.Type
,LocalDate
,LocalDateTime
,Locale.Category
,Locale.FilteringMode
,Locale.IsoCountryCode
,LocalTime
,Long
,LongBuffer
,MappedByteBuffer
,MemberReferenceTree.ReferenceMode
,MemoryType
,MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption
,MinguoChronology
,MinguoDate
,MinguoEra
,Modifier
,ModuleDescriptor
,ModuleDescriptor.Exports
,ModuleDescriptor.Exports.Modifier
,ModuleDescriptor.Modifier
,ModuleDescriptor.Opens
,ModuleDescriptor.Opens.Modifier
,ModuleDescriptor.Provides
,ModuleDescriptor.Requires
,ModuleDescriptor.Requires.Modifier
,ModuleDescriptor.Version
,ModuleElement.DirectiveKind
,ModuleTree.ModuleKind
,Month
,MonthDay
,MultipleGradientPaint.ColorSpaceType
,MultipleGradientPaint.CycleMethod
,NestingKind
,Normalizer.Form
,NumberFormat.Style
,NumericShaper.Range
,ObjectInputFilter.Status
,ObjectName
,ObjectStreamField
,OffsetDateTime
,OffsetTime
,Opcode
,Opcode.Kind
,PeerAddressChangeNotification.AddressChangeEvent
,PKIXReason
,PKIXRevocationChecker.Option
,PosixFilePermission
,ProcessBuilder.Redirect.Type
,Proxy.Type
,PseudoColumnUsage
,QuitStrategy
,Rdn
,RecordingState
,ResolverStyle
,RetentionPolicy
,RoundingMode
,RowFilter.ComparisonType
,RowIdLifetime
,RowSorterEvent.Type
,Runtime.Version
,Short
,ShortBuffer
,Signature.TypeArg.Bounded.WildcardIndicator
,SignStyle
,SimpleFileServer.OutputLevel
,Snippet.Kind
,Snippet.Status
,Snippet.SubKind
,SortOrder
,SourceCodeAnalysis.Attribute
,SourceCodeAnalysis.Completeness
,SourceVersion
,SSLEngineResult.HandshakeStatus
,SSLEngineResult.Status
,StackMapFrameInfo.SimpleVerificationTypeInfo
,StackWalker.Option
,StandardCopyOption
,StandardLocation
,StandardNamespace
,StandardOpenOption
,StandardOperation
,StandardProtocolFamily
,String
,StringBuffer
,StringBuilder
,StructuredTaskScope.Subtask.StatePREVIEW
,SwingWorker.StateValue
,System.Logger.Level
,Taglet.Location
,Taskbar.Feature
,Taskbar.State
,TaskEvent.Kind
,TextStyle
,ThaiBuddhistChronology
,ThaiBuddhistDate
,ThaiBuddhistEra
,Thread.State
,Time
,Timestamp
,TimeUnit
,TrayIcon.MessageType
,Tree.Kind
,TypeAnnotation.TargetType
,TypeAnnotation.TypePathComponent.Kind
,TypeKind
,TypeKind
,URI
,UserSessionEvent.Reason
,UUID
,VarHandle.AccessMode
,VectorShape
,VMOption.Origin
,Window.Type
,XPathEvaluationResult.XPathResultType
,Year
,YearMonth
,ZonedDateTime
,ZoneOffset
,ZoneOffsetTransition
,ZoneOffsetTransitionRule.TimeDefinition
compareTo
method is referred to as
its natural comparison method.
Lists (and arrays) of objects that implement this interface can be sorted
automatically by Collections.sort
(and
Arrays.sort
). Objects that implement this
interface can be used as keys in a sorted map or as
elements in a sorted set, without the need to
specify a comparator.
The natural ordering for a class C
is said to be consistent
with equals if and only if e1.compareTo(e2) == 0
has
the same boolean value as e1.equals(e2)
for every
e1
and e2
of class C
. Note that null
is not an instance of any class, and e.compareTo(null)
should
throw a NullPointerException
even though e.equals(null)
returns false
.
It is strongly recommended (though not required) that natural orderings be
consistent with equals. This is so because sorted sets (and sorted maps)
without explicit comparators behave "strangely" when they are used with
elements (or keys) whose natural ordering is inconsistent with equals. In
particular, such a sorted set (or sorted map) violates the general contract
for set (or map), which is defined in terms of the equals
method.
For example, if one adds two keys a
and b
such that
(!a.equals(b) && a.compareTo(b) == 0)
to a sorted
set that does not use an explicit comparator, the second add
operation returns false (and the size of the sorted set does not increase)
because a
and b
are equivalent from the sorted set's
perspective.
Virtually all Java core classes that implement Comparable
have natural orderings that are consistent with equals. One
exception is BigDecimal
, whose natural ordering equates
BigDecimal
objects with equal numerical values and different
representations (such as 4.0 and 4.00). For BigDecimal.equals()
to return true,
the representation and numerical value of the two
BigDecimal
objects must be the same.
For the mathematically inclined, the relation that defines the natural ordering on a given class C is:
{(x, y) such that x.compareTo(y) <= 0}.
The quotient for this total order is:
{(x, y) such that x.compareTo(y) == 0}.
It follows immediately from the contract for compareTo
that the
quotient is an equivalence relation on C
, and that the
natural ordering is a total order on C
. When we say that a
class's natural ordering is consistent with equals, we mean that the
quotient for the natural ordering is the equivalence relation defined by
the class's equals(Object)
method:{(x, y) such that x.equals(y)}.
In other words, when a class's natural ordering is consistent with
equals, the equivalence classes defined by the equivalence relation
of the equals
method and the equivalence classes defined by
the quotient of the compareTo
method are the same.
This interface is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
- Since:
- 1.2
- See Also:
-
Method Summary
-
Method Details
-
compareTo
Compares this object with the specified object for order. Returns a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified object.The implementor must ensure
signum
(x.compareTo(y)) == -signum(y.compareTo(x))
for allx
andy
. (This implies thatx.compareTo(y)
must throw an exception if and only ify.compareTo(x)
throws an exception.)The implementor must also ensure that the relation is transitive:
(x.compareTo(y) > 0 && y.compareTo(z) > 0)
impliesx.compareTo(z) > 0
.Finally, the implementor must ensure that
x.compareTo(y)==0
implies thatsignum(x.compareTo(z)) == signum(y.compareTo(z))
, for allz
.- API Note:
- It is strongly recommended, but not strictly required that
(x.compareTo(y)==0) == (x.equals(y))
. Generally speaking, any class that implements theComparable
interface and violates this condition should clearly indicate this fact. The recommended language is "Note: this class has a natural ordering that is inconsistent with equals." - Parameters:
o
- the object to be compared.- Returns:
- a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified object.
- Throws:
NullPointerException
- if the specified object is nullClassCastException
- if the specified object's type prevents it from being compared to this object.
-